Bibliography

Comprehensive list of publications, books and guidelines authored by Joanne Stocks.

Journal articles can be viewed by research theme or methodology on the Journal Article page.

Fiona Moffatt, Melanie Narayanasamy, Ben Smith, Joanne Stocks, Katie Sheehan, Cath Sackley, Michelle Hall; “My bloody leg” – The lived experience of arthrofibrosis after total knee arthroplasty Physiotherapy,: Vol.130, 101862 (2026) doi-org.nottingham.idm.oclc.org/10.1016/j.physio.2025.101862

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Abstract

Purpose

Arthrofibrosis following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a recognised complication resulting in severe stiffness with limited options for treatment. To date, little is known about the lived experiences of those affected. This study aimed to understand the perceived impact of arthrofibrosis, the experience of the treatment pathway, and perceptions of barriers to optimal care.

Methods

Participants who had undergone elective TKA with postoperative arthrofibrosis, were recruited from three NHS orthopaedic units. All interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview schedule, digitally recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

Fourteen patients were recruited. Four themes were developed from the data:
Adjusting to Loss: Erosion of Function and Identity – the impact on function was overwhelming and significantly impaired social functioning. This resulted in self-reported adverse mental health outcomes. Seeking Clarity and Compassion: Navigating Communication with Healthcare Professionals – many participants described inconsistency in advice given post-TKA, particularly concerning exercise. Many felt that they had unmet needs related to their rehabilitation. Making Sense of a Stalled Recovery: The Quest for Answers, Solutions and Hope – significant emotional labour was invested in understanding what was happening to their knee. Commitment and Constraint: Navigating Rehabilitation in Everyday Life – participants described a commitment to post-operative exercise regimes; all had integrated exercises into daily activities but continued to face challenges.

Conclusions

The experience of arthrofibrosis after TKA is disruptive, distressing and frustrating. Future development of interventions and clinical pathways should ensure person-centred approaches that offer consistency and clarity of advice, particularly regarding exercise.

Contribution of paper

  • This paper provides a rich account of the lived experience of arthrofibrosis after total knee arthroplasty, highlighting the significant disruption to biopsychosocial functioning.
  • Individuals’ experiences were framed by a quest for understanding, but their communication with healthcare professionals was typically perceived as inadequate and inconsistent.
  • Exercise was identified as a crucial component of rehabilitation, with individuals expressing commitment to their programmes. Other treatment adjuncts were rarely discussed.
  • The results support the future development of person-centred, non-reductionist interventions that meet informational needs and support active patient involvement.

Study Registration number

NCT05459259.

Keywords

Arthrofibrosis, Total knee arthroplasty, Physiotherapy, Exercise, Rehabilitation

Fiona Moffatt, Melanie Narayanasamy, Ben Smith, Joanne Stocks, Katie Sheehan, Cath Sackley, Michelle Hall; “My bloody leg” – The lived experience of arthrofibrosis after total knee arthroplasty Physiotherapy,: Vol.130, 101862 (2026)

Michelle C Hall, Benjamin Smith, Katie J Sheehan, Stefanny Guerra, Bushra Abdunour, Melanie Narayanasamy, Joanne Stocks, Fiona Moffatt, Catherine Sackley Non-surgical interventions for arthrofibrosis following knee joint replacement: A systematic review Clinical Rehabilitation Vol 39 (5) 580-599 (2025) doi.org/10.1177/02692155251325624

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Abstract

Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness of non-surgical interventions for knee stiffness or arthrofibrosis following knee replacement surgery.

Data sources

Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL)were searched from database inception to October 2024.

Review methods

All studies of non-surgical interventions (versus any/no comparator) for adults who developed knee stiffness or a diagnosis of arthrofibrosis following knee replacement were included. Selection, quality appraisal and extraction were completed in duplicate. Results were synthesised narratively. The risk of bias was assessed, and GRADE criteria were used to evaluate evidence quality.

Results

Sixteen studies were included, comprising two randomised-controlled trials (n = 76), one non-randomised controlled trial (n = 35), seven cohort studies (n = 352) and six case studies (n = seven). Interventions varied widely including exercise, manual therapy, mechanical devices, and education. Improvements in knee range of movement were reported with some demonstrating functional gains >110° of knee flexion, but the evidence was of low quality. Limited reporting of intervention descriptions, patient-relevant outcomes including function and pain, and longer-term follow-up hindered comprehensive evaluation.

Conclusion

The review highlights the heterogeneity of interventions, emphasising the need for standardised reporting. While some studies showed promise, the lack of control groups, small sample sizes, and varied follow-up durations limit conclusive findings. There is insufficient evidence to support any specific non-surgical interventions for arthrofibrosis post-arthroplasty. Further research should be a priority.

Michelle C Hall, Benjamin Smith, Katie J Sheehan, Stefanny Guerra, Bushra Abdunour, Melanie Narayanasamy, Joanne Stocks, Fiona Moffatt, Catherine Sackley Non-surgical interventions for arthrofibrosis following knee joint replacement: A systematic review Clinical Rehabilitation Vol 39 (5) 580-599 (2025)

O’Sullivan, Oliver; Stocks, Joanne; Schofield, Susie; Bilzon, James; Boos, Christopher J; Bull, Anthony MJ; Fear, Nicola T; Watt, Fiona E; Bennett, Alexander N; Kluzek, Stefan; Association of serum biomarkers with radiographic knee osteoarthritis, knee pain and function in a young, male, trauma-exposed population–Findings from the ADVANCE study Osteoarthritis and Cartilage: Vol.32 (12), 1636-1646 (2024) DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2024.07.016  
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Abstract

Objective: The ArmeD SerVices TrAuma RehabilitatioN OutComE (ADVANCE) study is investigating long-term combat-injury outcomes; this sub-study aims to understand the association of osteoarthritis (OA) biomarkers with knee radiographic OA (rOA), pain and function in this high-risk population for post-traumatic OA.

Design: ADVANCE compares combat-injured participants with age, rank, deployment and job-role frequency-matched uninjured participants. Post-injury immunoassay-measured serum biomarkers, knee radiographs, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Scale, and six-minute walk tests are reported. The primary analysis, adjusted for age, body mass, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity, was to determine any differences in biomarkers between those with/without combat injury, rOA and pain. Secondary analyses were performed to compare post-traumatic/idiopathic OA, painful/painfree rOA and injury patterns.

Results: A total of 1145 male participants were recruited, aged 34.1 ± 5.4, 8.9 ± 2.2 years post-injury (n = 579 trauma-exposed, of which, traumatic-amputation n = 161) or deployment (n = 566 matched). Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) was significantly higher in the combat-injured group compared to uninjured (p = 0.01). Notably, COMP was significantly lower in the traumatic-amputation group compared to non-amputees (p < 0.001), decreasing relative to number of amputations (p < 0.001). Leptin was higher (p = 0.005) and adiponectin lower (p = 0.017) in those with v without knee pain, associated with an increased risk of 22% and 17% for pain, and 46% and 34% for painful rOA, respectively. There were no significant differences between trauma-exposed and unexposed participants with rOA.

Conclusions: The most notable findings of this large, unique study are the similarities between those with rOA regardless of trauma-exposure, the injury-pattern and traumatic-amputation-associated differences in COMP, and the relationship between adipokines and pain.

Keywords: ADVANCE; Pain; Post-traumatic osteoarthritis; Serum biomarkers; Trauma.

O’Sullivan, Oliver; Stocks, Joanne; Schofield, Susie; Bilzon, James; Boos, Christopher J; Bull, Anthony MJ; Fear, Nicola T; Watt, Fiona E; Bennett, Alexander N; Kluzek, Stefan; Association of serum biomarkers with radiographic knee osteoarthritis, knee pain and function in a young, male, trauma-exposed population–Findings from the ADVANCE study Osteoarthritis and Cartilage: Vol.32 (12), 1636-1646 (2024)

Murray, Rachael L; Coleman, Timothy; Antoniak, Marilyn; Stocks, Joanne; Fergus, Alexia; Britton, John; Lewis, Sarah A; The effect of proactively identifying smokers and offering smoking cessation support in primary care populations: a cluster‐randomized trial Addiction: Vol.103 (6), 998-1006 (2008) DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02206.x

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Abstract

Aims: To establish whether proactively identifying all smokers in primary care populations and offering smoking cessation support is effective in increasing long-term abstinence from smoking.

Design: Cluster randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Twenty-four general practices in Nottinghamshire, randomized by practice to active or control intervention.

Participants: All adult patients registered with the practices who returned a questionnaire confirming that they were current smokers (n = 6856).

Intervention: Participants were offered smoking cessation support by letter and those interested in receiving it were contacted and referred into National Health Service (NHS) stop smoking services if required.

Measurements: Validated abstinence from smoking, use of smoking cessation services and number of quit attempts in continuing smokers at 6 months.

Findings: Smokers in the intervention group were more likely than controls to report that they had used local cessation services during the study period [16.6% and 8.9%, respectively, adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.57-2.78], and continuing smokers (in the intervention group) were more likely to have made a quit attempt in the last 6 months (37.4% and 33.3%, respectively, adjusted OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.01-1.51). Validated point prevalence abstinence from smoking at 6 months was higher in the intervention than the control groups (3.5% and 2.5%, respectively) but the difference was not statistically significant (adjusted OR controlling for covariates: 1.64, 95% CI 0.92-2.89).

Conclusions: Proactively identifying smokers who want to quit in primary care populations, and referring them to a cessation service, increased contacts with cessation services and the number of quit attempts. We were unable to detect a significant effect on long-term cessation rates, but the study was not powered to detect the kind of difference that might be expected.

Murray, Rachael L; Coleman, Timothy; Antoniak, Marilyn; Stocks, Joanne; Fergus, Alexia; Britton, John; Lewis, Sarah A; The effect of proactively identifying smokers and offering smoking cessation support in primary care populations: a cluster‐randomized trial Addiction: Vol.103 (6), 998-1006 (2008)

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Individual responses to topical ibuprofen gel or capsaicin cream for painful knee osteoarthritis

Monica S M Persson, Joanne Stocks, Aliya Sarmanova, Gwen Fernandes, David A Walsh, Michael Doherty, Weiya Zhang

Fostering global data sharing: highlighting the recommendations of the Research Data Alliance COVID-19 working group

Claire C. Austin, Alexander Bernier, Louise Bezuidenhout, Juan Bicarregui, Timea Biro, Anne Cambon-Thomsen, Stephanie Russo Carroll, Zoe Cournia, Piotr Wojciech Dabrowski, Gayo Diallo, Thomas Duflot, Leyla Garcia, Sandra Gesing, Alejandra Gonzalez-Beltran, Anupama Gururaj, Natalie Harrower, Dawei Lin, Claudia Medeiros, Eva Méndez, Natalie Meyers, Daniel Mietchen, Rajini Nagrani, Gustav Nilsonne, Simon Parker, Brian Pickering, Amy Pienta, Panayiota Polydoratou, Fotis Psomopoulos, Stephanie Rennes, Robyn Rowe, Susanna-Assunta Sansone, Hugh Shanahan, Lina Sitz, Joanne Stocks, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Mary Uhlmansiek

Wellcome Open Research 2020, 5:267

Predicting response to topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in osteoarthritis: an individual patient data meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Monica S M Persson, Joanne Stocks, Gyula Varadi, Mohammad Hashem Hashempur, Marienke van Middelkoop, Sita Bierma-Zeinstra, David A Walsh, Michael Doherty, Weiya Zhang

Rheumatology, Volume 59, Issue 9, September 2020, Pages 2207–2216

Identifying Predictors of Response Using an Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis

Joanne Stocks & Monica S. M. Persson

SAGE Research Methods Cases (2020)

Investigating musculoskeletal health and wellbeing; a cohort study protocol

Bonnie Millar, Daniel F. McWilliams, Abhishek Abhishek, Kehinde Akin-Akinyosoye, Dorothee P. Auer, Victoria Chapman, Michael Doherty, Eamonn Ferguson, John R. F. Gladman, Paul Greenhaff, Joanne Stocks, Ana M. Valdes, David A. Walsh

BMC Musculoskelet Disord 21, 182 (2020)

Baseline self-report ‘central mechanisms’ trait predicts persistent knee pain in the Knee Pain in the Community (KPIC) cohort

Kehinde Akin-Akinyosoye, Aliya Sarmonova, Nadia Frowd, Laura Marshall, Joanne Stocks, Gwen S Fernandes, Ana Valdes, Daniel F McWilliams, Weiya Zhang, Michael Doherty, Eamonn Ferguson, David A Walsh

Osteoarthritis and Cartilage (2020) 28 (2)173–181

Efficacy and potential determinants of exercise therapy in knee and hip osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Siew-Li Goh, Monica SM Persson, Joanne Stocks, Yunfei Hou, Jianhao Lin, Michelle C Hall, Michael Doherty, Weiya Zhang

Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine May 2019

Relative Efficacy of Different Exercises for Pain, Function, Performance and Quality of Life in Knee and Hip Osteoarthritis: Systematic Review and Network Meta‑Analysis

Siew-Li Goh, Monica SM Persson, Joanne Stocks, Yunfei Hou, Nicky J Welton, Jianhao Lin, Michelle C Hall, Michael Doherty, Weiya Zhang

Sports Medicine May 2019, Volume 49, Issue 5, pp 743–761

The impact of anxiety on chronic musculoskeletal pain and the role of astrocyte activation

James J Burston, Ana M Valdes, Stephen G Woodhams, Paul I Mapp, Joanne Stocks, David JG Watson, Peter RW Gowler, Luting Xu, Devi R Sagar, Gwen Fernandes, Nadia Frowd, Laura Marshall, Weiya Zhang, Michael Doherty, David A Walsh, Victoria Chapman

PAIN. Mar 2019 160(3):658–669,

The relative efficacy of topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and capsaicin in osteoarthritis: a network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

MSM Persson, J Stocks, DA Walsh, M Doherty, W Zhang

Osteoarthritis and Cartilage (2018) 26 (12),1575-1582,

Bidirectional association between disturbed sleep and neuropathic pain symptoms: a prospective cohort study in post-total joint replacement participants

Joanne Stocks, Nicole KY Tang, David A Walsh, Sophie C Warner, Hollie Harvey, Wendy Jenkins, Abhishek Abhishek, Michael Doherty, Ana M Valdes

Journal of Pain Research (2018) 11, 1087-1093

Traits associated with central pain augmentation in the Knee Pain In the Community (KPIC) cohort

Kehinde Akin-Akinyosoye, Nadia Frowd, Laura Marshall, Joanne Stocks, Gwen S Fernandes, Ana Valdes, Daniel F McWilliams, Weiya Zhang, Michael Doherty, Eamonn Ferguson, David A Walsh

Pain (2018) 159 (6) 1035

Effect of dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on frailty-related phenotypes in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

Joanne Stocks, Ana M Valdes

BMJ open (2018) 8 (5), e021344

Osteoarthritis and Ageing

Ana M Valdes, Joanne Stocks

European Medical Journal (2018) 3 (1), 116-123

Knee pain and related health in the community study (KPIC): a cohort study protocol

Gwen Sascha Fernandes, Aliya Sarmanova, S Warner, H Harvey, K Akin-Akinyosoye, H Richardson, Nadia Frowd, L Marshall, Joanne Stocks, M Hall, Ana M Valdes, D Walsh, Weiya Zhang, Michael Doherty

BMC musculoskeletal disorders (2017) 18 (1), 404

New therapeutic targets for osteoarthritis pain

David A Walsh & Joanne Stocks

SLAS DISCOVERY: Advancing Life Sciences R&D (2017) 22 (8), 931-949

Identifying placebo responders and predictors of response in osteoarthritis: a protocol for individual patient data meta-analysis

Yu Fu, Monica SM Persson, Archan Bhattacharya, Siew-Li Goh, Joanne Stocks, Marienke van Middelkoop, Sita MA Bierma-Zeinstra, David Walsh, Michael Doherty, Weiya Zhang

Systematic reviews (2016) 5 (1), 183

Improved biocompatibility and pharmacokinetics of silica nanoparticles by means of a lipid coating: a multimodality investigation

Matti M van Schooneveld, Esad Vucic, Rolf Koole, Yu Zhou, Joanne Stocks, David P Cormode, Cheuk Y Tang, Ronald E Gordon, Klaas Nicolay, Andries Meijerink, Zahi A Fayad, Willem JM Mulder

Nano letters 2008 8 (8), 2517-2525

Does participation in a population-based dietary intervention scheme have a lasting impact on fruit intake in young children?

Andrew W Fogarty, Marilyn Antoniak, Andrea J Venn, Lindsey Davies, Ann Goodwin, Nick Salfield, Joanne Stocks, John Britton, Sarah A Lewis

International Journal of Epidemiology (2007) 36 (5), 1080-1085

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Induction by Prostaglandin E2 in Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cells Is Mediated by E Prostanoid EP2/EP4 Receptors and SP-1 Transcription Factor Binding Sites

Dawn Bradbury, Deborah Clarke, Claire Seedhouse, Lisa Corbett, Joanne Stocks, and Alan Knox

Journal of Biological Chemistry (2005) 280 (34), 29993-30000

Cytokines upregulate vascular endothelial growth factor secretion by human airway smooth muscle cells: Role of endogenous prostanoids

Joanne Stocks, Dawn Bradbury, Lisa Corbett, Linhua Pang, Alan J Knox

FEBS letters (2005) 579 (12), 2551-2556

Angiogenesis and vascular endothelial growth factor in COPD

Alan J Knox, Joanne Stocks, Amy Sutcliffe

Thorax (2005) 60 (2), 88-89

Effect of Bradykinin, TGF-ß 1, IL-1ß and hypoxia on COX-2 expression in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells

Dawn A Bradbury, Robert Newton, Yong-Ming Zhu, Joanne Stocks, Lisa Corbett, Elaine D Holland, Linhua H Pang, Alan J Knox

Journal of Biological Chemistry (2002) 280 (34), 29993-30000

Human airway smooth muscle cells secrete vascular endothelial growth factor: up-regulation by bradykinin via a protein kinase C and prostanoid-dependent mechanism

Alan J Knox, Lisa Corbett, Joanne Stocks, Elaine Holland, Yong M Zhu, Linhua Pang

The FASEB Journal (2001) 15 (13), 2480-2488